An Introduction to Fiction ed. X. J. Kennedy & Dana Gioia (Longman 0-321-01558-4, 1999, $50.00, 720pp, tp)
- 1. Reading a Story
- Fable and Tale
- The Appointment in Samarra · W. Somerset Maugham · ss
- Godfather Death · Jacob & Wilhelm Grimm · ss
- Independence · Chuang Tzu · ss
- Plot
- The Short Story
- A & P · John Updike · ss The New Yorker Jul 22 1961
- John Updike on Writing, Why Write? · John Updike · ar
- What’s the Plot
- 2. Point of View
- A Rose for Emily · William Faulkner · ss The Forum Apr 1930
- The Tell-Tale Heart · Edgar Allan Poe · ss The Pioneer Jan 1843
- Cathedral · Raymond Carver · ss Atlantic Monthly Sep 1981
- Miss Brill · Katherine Mansfield · ss 1922
- Katherine Mansfield on Writing, Creating “Miss Brill” · Katherine Mansfield · ar
- How Point of View Shapes a Story
- Student Essay: Raymond Carver’s Use of First-Person Point of View in “Cathedra
- 3. Character
- The Jilting of Granny Weatherall · Katherine Anne Porter · ss
- Everyday Use · Alice Walker · ss Harper’s Apr 1973
- Gimpel the Fool · Isaac Bashevis Singer; trans. by Saul Bellow · ss
- Isaac Bashevis Singer on Writing, “The Character of Gimpel” · Isaac Bashevis Singer · ar
- How Character Creates Action
- 4. Setting
- The Storm · Kate Chopin · ss 1898
- To Build a Fire · Jack London · ss The Youth’s Companion May 29 1902
- Greasy Lake · T. Coraghessan Boyle · ss The Paris Review Spr 1982
- A Pair of Tickets · Amy Tan · ss
- Amy Tan on Writing, Setting the Voice · Amy Tan · ar
- How Time and Place Set a Story
- 5. Tone and Style
- A Clean, Well-Lighted Place · Ernest Hemingway · ss Scribner’s Mar 1933
- Barn Burning · William Faulkner · ss Harper’s Jun 1939
- Irony
- The Necklace · Guy de Maupassant · ss
- The Gospel According to Mark · Jorge Luís Borges · ss The New Yorker Oct 23 1971
- Ernest Hemingway on Writing, the Direct Style · Ernest Hemingway · ar
- Be Style Conscious
- 6. Theme
- The Open Boat · Stephen Crane · nv Scribner’s Jun 1897
- Young Goodman Brown · Nathaniel Hawthorne · ss New England Magazine Apr 1835
- The Parable of the Prodigal Son [from the King James Bible] · Luke 15:11-32 · ss
- Harrison Bergeron · Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. · ss F&SF Oct 1961
- Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., on Writing, the Themes of Science Fiction · Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. · ar
- Stating the Theme
- 7. Symbol
- The Chrysanthemums · John Steinbeck · ss Harper’s Oct 1937
- The Lottery · Shirley Jackson · ss The New Yorker Jun 26 1948
- The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas · Ursula K. Le Guin · ss New Dimensions 3, ed. Robert Silverberg, Nelson Doubleday 1973
- Ursula K. Le Guin on Writing, Note on “The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas” · Ursula K. Le Guin · ar
- Recognizing Symbols
- Student Essay
- An Analysis of the Symbolism in Steinbeck’s “The Chrysanthemums” · [Misc.] · ms
- 8. Evaluating a Story
- Jungle Video · Ralph Lombreglia · ss The New Yorker Aug 21 1989
- Ralph Lombreglia on Writing, Creating “Jungle Video” · Ralph Lombreglia · ar
- Know What You’re Judging
- 9. Reading Long Stories and Novels
- Sonny’s Blues · James Baldwin · nv The Partisan Review 1957
- The Metamorphosis · Franz Kafka · nv 1937
- Franz Kafka on Writing, Discussing “The Metamorphosis” · Franz Kafka · ar
- Leaving Things Out
- Student Essay
- Kafka’s Greatness
- 10. A Writer in Depth
- Everything That Rises Must Converge · Flannery O’Connor · ss New World Writing #19, NAL 1961
- A Good Man Is Hard to Find · Flannery O’Connor · ss The Avon Book of Modern Writing, ed. William Phillips & Philip Rahv, Avon 1953
- Revelation · Flannery O’Connor · ss The Sewanee Review Spr 1964
- Flannery O’Connor on Writing, The Element of Suspense in “A Good Man is Hard to Find” · Flannery O’Connor · ar
- Flannery O’Connor on Writing, The Serious Writer and the Tired Reader · Flannery O’Connor · ar
- How One Story Illuminates Another
- 11. Stories for Further Reading
- Civil Peace · Chinua Achebe · ss
- An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge · Ambrose Bierce · ss San Francisco Examiner Jul 13 1890
- A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain · Robert Olen Butler · ss
- Paul’s Case · Willa Cather · nv McClure’s May 1905
- The Five-Forty-Eight · John Cheever · ss The New Yorker Apr 10 1954
- The Lady with a Pet Dog · Anton Chekhov · ss
- The Story of an Hour · Kate Chopin · ss Vogue Dec 6 1894, as “The Dream of an Hour”
- Barbie-Q · Sandra Cisneros · ss
- Battle Royal · Ralph Ellison · ss Horizon Oct 1947
- 1933 · Mavis Gallant · ss
- A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings · Gabriel Garcia Marquez · ss New American Review #13 1971
- The Yellow Wallpaper · Charlotte Perkins Gilman · ss New England Magazine Jan 1892
- The Defeated · Nadine Gordimer · ss
- On the Road · Langston Hughes · ss Esquire Jan 1935
- Sweat · Zora Neale Hurston · ss
- In the American Society · Gish Jen · ss
- Araby · James Joyce · ss
- Girl · Jamaica Kincaid · ss
- The Rocking-Horse Winner · D. H. Lawrence · ss The Ghost-Book, ed. Cynthia Asquith, London: Hutchinson 1926
- The Soong Sisters · Sky Lee · ss
- A Woman on a Roof · Doris Lessing · ss
- Angel Levine · Bernard Malamud · ss Commentary Dec 1955
- Shiloh · Bobbie Ann Mason · ss The New Yorker Oct 20 1980
- How I Met My Husband · Alice Munro · ss
- Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? · Joyce Carol Oates · ss Epoch Fll 1966
- The Things They Carried · Tim O’Brien · ss Esquire Aug 1986
- First Confession · Frank O’Connor · ss Harper’s Bazaar Jul 1939
- I Stand Here Ironing · Tillie Olsen · ss Tell Me a Riddle, Delacorte 1956
- The Man to Send Rain Clouds · Leslie Marmon Silko · ss
- No One’s a Mystery · Elizabeth Tallent · ss Harper’s Aug 1985
- The Catbird Seat · James Thurber · ss The New Yorker Nov 14 1942
- A Visit of Charity · Eudora Welty · ss
- The Use of Force · William Carlos Williams · ss Blast: A Magazine of Proletarian Short Stories Nov/Dec 1933
- 12. Writing About Literature
- Beginning
- Discovering and Planning
- Drafting and Revising
- The Form of Your Finished Paper
- Documenting Your Sources
- Reference Guide for Citations
- Keeping a Journal
- The Girl Writing Her English Paper · Robert Wallace · ss
- 13. Writing About a Story
- Explicating
- Student Essay (Explication)
- Analyzing
- Student Essay (Analysis)
- Student Card Report
- Comparing and Contrasting
- Suggestions for Writing
- 14. Writing and Researching on the Computer
- Writing and Revising
- Using Spell-Check Programs
- Researching on the World Wide Web
- Two Ways to Start Researching
- Plagiarism
- Literature Online
- 15. Critical Approaches to Literature
- Formalist Criticism
- The Formalist Critic · Cleanth Brooks · ar
- Light and Darkness in “Sonny’s Blues” · Michael Clark · ar
- On Robert Browning’s “My Last Duchess” · Robert Langbaum · ar
- Biographical Criticism
- The Relationship of Poet and Poem · Leslie Fiedler · ar
- Chekhov’s Attitude to Romantic Love · Virginia Llewellyn Smith · ar
- On Elizabeth Bishop’s “One Art” · Brett C. Millier · ar
- Historical Criticism
- Imagism · Hugh Kenner · ar
- Southern Sources of “A Good Man is Hard to Find” · Sally Fitzgerald · ar
- On Langston Hughes · Darryl Pinckney · ar
- Psychological Criticism
- The Destiny of Oedipus · Sigmund Freud · ar
- The Father-Figure in “The Tell-Tale Heart” · Daniel Hoffman · ar
- Poetic Influence · Harold Bloom · ar
- Mythological Criticism
- Mythic Archetypes · Northrop Frye · ar
- Myth in Faulkner’s “Barn Burning” · Edmond Volpe · ar
- Lucifer in Shakespeare’s Othello · Maud Bodkin · ar
- Sociological Criticism
- Content Determines Form · Georg Lukacs · ar
- Money and Labor in “The Rocking-Horse Winner” · Daniel P. Watkins · ar
- Walt Whitman and Abraham Lincoln · Alfred Kazin · ar
- Gender Criticism
- Toward a Feminist Poetics · Elaine Showalter · ar
- Gender and Pathology in “The Yellow Wallpaper” · Juliann Fleenor · ar
- The Freedom of Emily Dickinson · Sandra M. Gilbert & Susan Gubar · ar
- Reader-Response Criticism
- An Eskimo “A Rose for Emily” · Stanley Fish · ar
- "How Do We Make a Poem?" · Robert Scholes · ar
- Filling the Gaps in Hamlet · Joel Wingard · ar
- Deconstructionist Criticism
- The Death of the Author · Roland Barthes · ar
- Rigorous Unreliability · Barbara Johnson · ar
- On Wordsworth’s “A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal” · Geoffrey Hartman · ar
- Cultural Studies
- Poststructuralist Cultural Critique · Vincent B. Leitch · ar
- What Is Cultural Studies? · Mark Bauerlein · ar
- The Stance of Observation in William Blake’s “London” · Heather Glen · ar
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