The FictionMags Index

Index by Date: Page 1785

Ellis, Frank J. (items)
• The Mystery of the Mallards [Donn Kelly, Immigration Inspector] (with Thomson Burtis), (ss) Youth’s Companion Combined with The American Boy January 1938
• The Missing MacAndrew [Donn Kelly, Immigration Inspector] (with Thomson Burtis), (ss) Youth’s Companion Combined with The American Boy February 1938
• Flushed from Cover [Donn Kelly, Immigration Inspector] (with Thomson Burtis), (ss) Youth’s Companion Combined with The American Boy March 1938
• The Mallards Come Home to Roost (with Thomson Burtis), (ss) Youth’s Companion Combined with The American Boy April 1938
• The Cleanup in Casa Bella (with Thomson Burtis), (ss) Youth’s Companion Combined with The American Boy July 1938

Ellis, Fred (items)
• [letter from California], (lt) Famous Fantastic Mysteries October 1947

Ellis, Fred A. (fl. 1920s) (items)
• An Elephant Kraal: A Great Round-Up of Ceylon’s Giant Animals, (ar) The Windsor Magazine October 1923

Ellis, G. E. (items)
• Editorial, (ed) Seasons #1, Summer 1949, uncredited.

Ellis, G. F. R. (fl. 1980s) (items)
• Hot Rocks and Water (with Tony Rothman), (ar) Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact March 1985
• The Garden of Cosmological Delights (with Tony Rothman), (ar) Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact May 1985

Ellis, G. Stanley (fl. 1890s-1910s) (items)
• To Meet Colonel Neal, (pl) Chapman’s Magazine September 1896
• Booksellers and Literature, (ar) The Argosy (UK) March 1898
• Parda, (ss) Chapman’s Magazine October 1898
• Farmer Nale’s Bulldog, (ss) The Cornish Magazine March 1899
• Cross Questions and Crooked Answers, (ar) The Cornhill Magazine April 1899
• Sergeant Harding’s Wedding-Day, (ss) The Pall Mall Magazine March 1900
• A War Office Secret, (ss) The Cornhill Magazine July 1900
• The Way of a Man, (ss) The Anglo-Saxon Review December 1900
• Between Two Loves: A Story of Cornish Children, (ss) The Pall Mall Magazine March 1901
• Roscorrock for the Roscorrocks, (ss) The Argosy (UK) May 1901
• A Sangar, (ss) Short Stories July 1902
• The Sergeant’s Idea, (ss) Longman’s Magazine July 1903
• Scholarship Howlers, (ar) Longman’s Magazine October 1903
• Christopher Sly, (ss) The English Illustrated Magazine July 1904
• Quartermaster-Sergeant Penhall, (ss) Longman’s Magazine June 1905
• Above the Booms, (ss) Longman’s Magazine July 1905
• Regimental Names, (ar) Cassell’s Magazine August 1905
• The Double V.C., (ss) The English Illustrated Magazine December 1905
• The Two Rebeccas, (ss) The English Illustrated Magazine January 1906
• A Type of a Typist, (ss) The English Illustrated Magazine January 1907
• The Polar Bear’s Coat, (ss) Pearson’s Magazine May 1907
• The Horse’s Tail, (ss) Pearson’s Magazine August 1907
• The End of Diggory Nale, (ss) The Idler December 1910
• Polglase and Nubbee Baksh [Polglase], (ss) The Weekly Tale-Teller #173, August 24 1912
• Rauchenara’s Revenge, (ss) The Weekly Tale-Teller #184, November 9 1912
• The Miller of Bodmin, (ss) The Weekly Tale-Teller #187, November 30 1912
• The Disappearance of Symons, (ss) The English Illustrated Magazine February 1913
• Second-Lieutenant Frank Rogers, (vi) The Weekly Tale-Teller #197, February 8 1913
• Armourer-Sergeant Smith, (ss) The Sketch June 25 1913
• Corney Island: A Pacific Tales, (ss) The Sketch July 23 1913
• Mr. Welsford-Potts, M.P., (ss) The Sketch September 3 1913
• The “Interlochy”, (ss) The Sketch October 22 1913
• Mandal Malik Samanta, (ss) The Weekly Tale-Teller #237, November 15 1913
• Captain Seaborne’s Command, (ss) The Weekly Tale-Teller #238, November 22 1913
• Polglase and the Ambuscade [Polglase], (ss) The Weekly Tale-Teller #242, December 20 1913
• Wounds and Bruises, (ss) The Sketch December 24 1913
• Batera, (ss) The Grand Magazine January 1914
• Polglase Is Condemned [Polglase], (ss) The Weekly Tale-Teller #245, January 10 1914
• The Crag, (ss) The Sketch February 4 1914
• Regimental Nicknames, (ar) The British Boy’s Annual 1920, 1919

Ellis, George (items)
• Signature in Red, (ss) Seasons #1, Summer 1949

Ellis, George Edward (1814-1894) (about) (items)
• Puritan Boston, (??) The Atlantic Monthly February 1880
• Governor Thomas Hutchinson, (??) The Atlantic Monthly May 1884
• Jeremy Belknap, (??) The Atlantic Monthly May 1891
• Count Rumford, (??) The Atlantic Monthly February 1893
• Jonathan Belcher, A Royal Governor of Massachusetts, (??) The Atlantic Monthly August 1893
• Retrospect of an Octogenarian, (??) The Atlantic Monthly October 1894

Ellis, George W. (items)
• Aimee, (ss) Short Stories August 1893

Ellis, Greg (fl. 1970s) (items)
• File 16—Earth, (pm) Mount to the Stars #1, Spring 1970

Ellis, Griffith Ogden (1869-1948) (about) (items)
• Friendly Talks with the Editor, (ed) The American Boy March 1914, etc.
• Announcing a Greater Magazine, Combining The American Boy and The Youth’s Companion, (ed) Youth’s Companion Combined with The American Boy October 1929
• Thirty Candles for the Scouts, (ar) Youth’s Companion Combined with The American Boy February 1940

Ellis, Guy C. (fl. 1940s) (items)
• High Water, (ts) Railroad Magazine November 1948

Ellis, H. F. (items)
• Reply from a Non-Colonist, (ss) The New Yorker April 20 1957
• Not Counting Rhizopods & Flagellates, (ss) The New Yorker July 26 1958
• Arid Zone Research, (ss) The New Yorker April 4 1959
• A Walk in Massachusetts, (ss) The New Yorker July 2 1960
• Trollope in Space, (ss) Punch November 9 1960
• A Contract with Cunard, (ss) The New Yorker February 4 1961
• On First Looking Into J.K. Lasser’s “Your Income Tax”, (ss) The New Yorker April 8 1961
• For a Gentleman of Fortune, (ss) The New Yorker December 30 1961
• The Last Repository, (ss) The New Yorker February 17 1962
• Where to Catch a Wahoo, (ss) The New Yorker July 28 1962
• Wild Music, (ss) The New Yorker July 6 1963
• Shall We, for God’s Sake, Join the Ladies?, (ss) The New Yorker May 23 1964
• Not Valid in Macao, (ss) The New Yorker October 31 1964
• Siskins Under the Skin, (ss) The New Yorker April 24 1965
• The Weary Titans, (ss) The New Yorker October 15 1966
• Choke Me with Frigate Birds, (ss) The New Yorker February 17 1968
• The Naked-Ape Crisis, (ss) The New Yorker March 23 1968
• Young Man Remember, (ss) The New Yorker September 28 1968
• Content of Tables, (ss) The New Yorker February 22 1969
• Without Whose Unfailing Encouragement, (ss) The New Yorker August 23 1969
• Queen of Viscerotonia, (ss) The New Yorker December 27 1969
• The Doctor’s Doctors, (ss) The New Yorker September 19 1970
• Was Blucher Late at Marathon?, (ss) The New Yorker October 30 1971
• Sense and Centenaries, (ss) The New Yorker December 29 1975
• Ancestral Voices, (ss) The New Yorker March 14 1977
• Autobiographer Manque, (ss) The New Yorker September 5 1977
• More Than Toucan Do, (ss) The New Yorker May 29 1978
• A Bee in the Kitchen, (ss) The New Yorker May 28 1979
• A Time to Speak, (ss) The New Yorker March 3 1980
• Dusty Answer, (ss) The New Yorker August 25 1980
• Fireside Talk, (ss) Punch
• Space-Crime Continuum, (ss) Punch, etc.

Ellis, (Henry) Havelock (1859-1939) (about) (items)
• Towards Democracy by Edward Carpenter, (br) The Times February 1886 [Ref. Edward Carpenter]
• Ancestry of Genius, (ar) The Atlantic Monthly March 1893
• The Genius of France, (??) The Atlantic Monthly January 1895
• Zola: The Man and His Work, (ar) The Savoy #1, January 1896 [Ref. Emile Zola]
• Friedrich Nietzsche, (ar) The Savoy #2, April 1896, etc. [Ref. Friedrich Nietzsche]
• Concerning Jude the Obscure, (ar) The Savoy #6, October 1896 [Ref. Thomas Hardy]
• Casanova, (ar) The Savoy #7, November 1896 [Ref. Giacomo Casanova]
• A New Artificial Paradise, (ar) The Contemporary Review 1898
• The Dictionary of National Biography, (ar) The Argosy (UK) November 1900
• Electra and the Progressive Movement, (ar) The Argosy (UK) August 1901
• In Modern Spain, (ar) The Argosy (UK) August 1901, etc.
• The Women of Spain, (ar) The Argosy (UK) September 1901
• The Home of the Holy Grail, (ar) Harper’s Monthly Magazine April 1907
• Love and the Woman’s Movement, (ar) Metropolitan Magazine June 1911
• What Emancipation will Mean to Marriage and Maternity, (ar) T.P.’s Magazine June 1911
• The White Slave Agitation, (ar) Metropolitan Magazine February 1914
• Masculinism and Feminism, (ar) Cosmopolitan August 1915
• Birth Control, (ar) Physical Culture September 1915, etc.
• Birth Control in Relation to Morality and Eugenics, (ar) Physical Culture November 1915
• Husbands and Wives, (ar) 1929
• The Sex Bogey, (ar) The Forum April 1929
• My Mail Bag, (cl) Nash’s—Pall Mall Magazine March 1932, etc.
• Eugenics and Its Opposers, (ar) Nash’s—Pall Mall Magazine July 1932
• Woman’s Place, (ar) Nash’s—Pall Mall Magazine October 1932
• War, (ar) Nash’s—Pall Mall Magazine April 1933
• The Bible, (ar) Nash’s—Pall Mall Magazine May 1933
• The Passion for the Pictures, (ar) Nash’s—Pall Mall Magazine July 1933
• Nash’s Commentary for February, (cl) Nash’s—Pall Mall Magazine February 1934
• Have You an Inferiority Complex?, (ar) Nash’s—Pall Mall Magazine October 1935
• The Euthanasian Garden, (ar) Esquire February 1936
• Peace—Is It Possible?, (sy) Nash’s—Pall Mall Magazine March 1936, as by Ugo D’Annunzio, Ernest Dimnet, Havelock Ellis, Mahatma Gandhi, William Ralph Inge, John Maynard Keynes, Lin Yutang, André Maurois, Eleanor Roosevelt, Oswald Spengler & Salvador de Madariaga
• What Is Obscenity?, (ar) Esquire September 1936
• Children and Parents, (ar) , etc.
• On Sir Walter Scott, (ar)

Ellis, Helen Geb (fl. 1900s) (items)
• What’s in a Name?, (ss) The Tatler September 24 1902

Ellis, Horatio Vernon (1895-1945) (about) (items)
• The Gorilla, (ss) Weird Tales September 1923
• Time and the Law, (ss) Mystery Magazine #165, October 1 1924

Ellis, Ian (fl. 1990s) (items)
• Shadows in a Taxi?, (pm) Phantasy Province #1, 1992
• Subconscious Reaction, (pm) Phantasy Province #3, 1993

Ellis, J. (fl. 1930s) (items)
• Politicians Afraid of the Public, (lt) Pearson’s Magazine April 1934

Ellis, J(ohn) Breckenridge (1870-1956) (about) (items)
• The Mystery of the Dead Arm; or, The Rival Detectives [Keeneyes], (sl) Chicago Ledger June 23 1906, etc.
• House of the Midnight Sound [Keeneyes], (sl) Chicago Ledger March 30 1907
• The Death-Key Mystery; or, A Great Detective’s Ruse [Keeneyes], (sl) Chicago Ledger June 22 1907, etc.
• White Hand of the Upper Air, (sl) Chicago Ledger December 28 1907
• The Skill of Keeneyes; or, The Blue Horse Mystery [Keeneyes], (sl) Chicago Ledger October 23 1909, etc.
• Detective Keeneyes’ Solution; or, The Mystery of the Deserted House [Keeneyes], (sl) Chicago Ledger June 4 1910, etc.
• The Iron Trunk Mystery: Keeneye’s Greatest Case [Keeneyes], (sl) Chicago Ledger May 6 1911, etc.
• The Mysterious Detective; or, How Keeneyes Hid Himself, (sl) Chicago Ledger October 7 1911, etc.
• Finger Test of Literature, (ar) The American Magazine February 1914
• Detective Keeneyes’ Craft; or, The Delemere Mystery, (sl) Chicago Ledger August 1 1914, etc.
• How They “Broke Into Print” (with Irving A. Bacheller, John Keble Bell, Holman F. Day, Mary Dillon, Will N. Harben, Francis Arthur Jones, Roy Norton & Molly Elliot Seawell), (bg) The Strand Magazine (US) October 1914, etc., as by Irving A. Bacheller, Holman F. Day, Mary Dillon, J. Breckenridge Ellis, Will N. Harben, Keble Howard, Francis Arthur Jones, Roy Norton & Molly Elliot Seawell
• Detective Keeneyes’ Discovery; or, The Deserted Didge, (sl) Chicago Ledger February 27 1915
• Detective Keeneyes’ Magic; or, Unraveling the Red Skein, (sl) Chicago Ledger October 30 1915
• Detective Keeneye’s Magic; or, Unravelling the Red Skein, (sl) Chicago Ledger November 6 1915
• Keeneyes’ Solution; or, The South Grove Mystery [Keeneyes], (sl) Chicago Ledger July 8 1916, etc.
• The Windfair Mystery; or, Keeneyes in Disguise [Keeneyes], (sl) Chicago Ledger March 31 1917, etc.
• Is She a Germany Spy? [Keeneyes], (sl) Chicago Ledger May 11 1918
• The Girl of Mystery [Keeneyes], (sl) Chicago Ledger April 5 1919, etc.
• The Mystery of Deer Creek, (sl) Chicago Ledger July 26 1919, etc.
• The Creator of Keeneyes: Something About J. Breckenridge Ellis, (bg) Chicago Ledger September 27 1919
• The Picture on the Wall, (sl) Argosy Allstory Weekly October 30 1920, etc.
• Old Settlers, (ss) The Kansas City Star Magazine August 26 1926

Ellis, J. Breckinridge (fl. 1910s) (items)
• Revealing Waters, (ss) Detective Story Magazine September 23 1919

Ellis, J. C. (fl. 1950s) (items)
• The Case of the Passionate Spinster (with Dick Halvorsen), (ar) Argosy November 1957

Ellis, J. J. (fl. 1900s) (items)
• To a Lady with a Present of Flowers, (pm) The Ludgate January 1900
• Ballade of Youth and Spring, (pm) The Ludgate March 1900
• Ballade of Dead Poets, (pm) The Ludgate #55, May 1900
• Echoes from Old France, I, (pm) The Ludgate #56, June 1900
• Echoes from Old France, II, (pm) The Ludgate #56, June 1900
• The Recollection, (pm) The Ludgate #57, July 1900

Ellis, Mrs. J. M. (fl. 1950s) (items)
• [letter], (lt) Nebula Science Fiction #27, February 1958

Ellis, J. S. (fl. 1900s-1920s) (items)
• When Jim Butted In, (ss) The American Boy October 1906
• Cluig’s Last Appearance, (vi) Munsey’s Magazine September 1907
• Chased by the Ice Jam, (ss) St. Nicholas April 1909
• The Boy Who Put Quin on the Map, (ss) The American Boy February 1910
• Pigeon Pie, (ss) The Youth’s Companion December 21 1922

Ellis, Jack (fl. 1960s) (items)
• The Vise of Ice, (ss) Mike Shayne Mystery Magazine August 1966

Ellis, Jack K. (items)
• This Star Over There, (ss) Xizquil #12, August 1994

Ellis, Jackson (items)
• Meeting Ariana, (vi) Verbicide Magazine #8, 2003
• Tim O’Brien: The Naked Soldier: An Interview (with Christopher Connal, Douglas Novielli & Helen Whitehurst), (iv) Verbicide Magazine #8, 2003

Ellis, James (fl. 1920s) (items)
• The Romance of Cotton-Seed, (ar) St. Nicholas October 1924

Ellis, James (fl. 2010s) (about) (items)
• The Beast, (ss) BFS Horizons #6, 2018

Ellis, James D. (fl. 1940s-1980s) (items)
• [letter from Washington DC], (lt) Famous Fantastic Mysteries December 1946, etc.
• [letter], (lt) Nebula Science Fiction #21, 1957
• Will F. Jenkins, (ob) Xenophile #15, July 1975 [Ref. Will F. Jenkins]
• A Remembrance of Fantastic Novels, (ar) Xenophile #20, January 1976
• Leigh Brackett, (ar) Xenophile #42, September/October 1979 [Ref. Leigh Brackett]
• Planet Stories, (ar) Echoes #28, December 1986
• George Bruce’s Squadron, (ar) Echoes #30, April 1987

Ellis, James Richard (1927-1986); used pseudonyms Dick Ellis, Elijah Ellis, Jamie Ellis & Richard M. Ellis (items)
• Some Play with Matches, (ss) Manhunt June 1959, as by Dick Ellis
• Hick Town, (ss) Trapped Detective Story Magazine October 1959, as by Dick Ellis
• A Killer’s Witness, (ss) Manhunt February 1960, as by Dick Ellis
• Time for Revenge, (ss) Manhunt April 1960, as by Dick Ellis
• The Vandals, (ss) Guilty Detective Story Magazine June 1960, as by Dick Ellis
• Murder by Party Line, (ss) Guilty Detective Story Magazine September 1960, as by Dick Ellis
• The Day They Robbed the Bank, (ss) Trapped Detective Story Magazine November 1960, as by Dick Ellis
• Cop in a Frame, (nv) Manhunt October 1961, as by Dick Ellis
• Real Mean Killer, (nv) Trapped Detective Story Magazine November 1961, as by Dick Ellis
• Speed-Trap Racket, (ss) Guilty Detective Story Magazine December 1961, as by Dick Ellis
• Naked Woman, (ss) Trapped Detective Story Magazine November 1962, as by Dick Ellis
• To Stop a Fire, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine November 1963, as by Elijah Ellis
• Death by Misadventure, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine January 1964, as by Elijah Ellis
• To Skin a Cat, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine March 1964, as by Elijah Ellis
• Public Office, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine April 1964, as by Elijah Ellis
• Final Performance, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine June 1964, as by Dick Ellis
• Summer in Pokochobee County, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine July 1964, as by Elijah Ellis
• An Honest Man, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine February 1965, as by Elijah Ellis
• The Sheriff’s Rainy Day, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine April 1965, as by Elijah Ellis
• Welcome Stranger, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine July 1965, as by Elijah Ellis
• For Love, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine August 1965, as by Elijah Ellis
• Ace in the Hole, (nv) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine September 1965, as by Elijah Ellis
• The Sheriff’s Christmas Gift, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine December 1965, as by Elijah Ellis
• Uncalculated Risk, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine March 1966, as by Dick Ellis
• Beware the Righteous Man, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine May 1966, as by Dick Ellis
• A Member of the Crowd, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine June 1966, as by Elijah Ellis
• Mildly Murderous, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine July 1966, as by Elijah Ellis
• The Man on the Hook, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine August 1966, as by Dick Ellis
• The Volcano Effect, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine September 1966, as by Elijah Ellis
• Business As Usual, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine October 1966, as by Dick Ellis
• The Idiot’s Tale, (ss) The Man from U.N.C.L.E. Magazine November 1966, as by Dick Ellis
• Hallowe’en in July, (ss) The Man from U.N.C.L.E. Magazine January 1967, as by Dick Ellis
• Delay En Route, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine February 1967, as by Dick Ellis
• Run, Target—Run!, (ss) Tonight v6 #2, 1967, as by Dick Ellis
• Rope Enough, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine June 1967, as by Dick Ellis
• A Matter of Ethics, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine July 1967, as by Elijah Ellis
• For Services Rendered, (vi) The Girl from U.N.C.L.E. Magazine August 1967, as by Elijah Ellis
• The Man Who Hated Turkey, (nv) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine December 1967, as by Elijah Ellis
• Too Often to the Well, (ss) The Man from U.N.C.L.E. Magazine December 1967, as by Elijah Ellis
• Change for a Dollar, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine January 1968, as by Elijah Ellis
• A Familiar Victory, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine March 1968, as by Elijah Ellis
• Passion Writes the Epitaph, (ss) Champagne v5 #4, 1968, as by Elijah Ellis
• Deadlier Than the Male, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine April 1968, as by Elijah Ellis
• All Our Yesterdays, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine June 1968, as by Elijah Ellis
• Mr. Ben’s Hat, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine February 1969, as by Richard M. Ellis
• Bad Medicine, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine May 1969, as by Richard M. Ellis
• Success Story, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine December 1969, as by Richard M. Ellis
• No Eye for Details, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine February 1970, as by Richard M. Ellis
• Store Policy, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine May 1970, as by Richard M. Ellis
• Oversell, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine July 1970, as by Richard M. Ellis
• Glory Hunter, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine August 1970, as by Richard M. Ellis
• Eyewitness, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine October 1970, as by Richard M. Ellis
• The Dark Well, (nv) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine November 1970, as by Richard M. Ellis
• Dream House, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine December 1970, as by Richard M. Ellis
• Shoplifter’s Christmas, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine January 1971, as by Richard M. Ellis
• A Possibility of Error, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine March 1971, as by Richard M. Ellis
• Once Bitten, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine May 1971, as by Richard M. Ellis
• Goober, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine August 1971, as by Richard M. Ellis
• Canceled in Crimson, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine December 1973, as by Richard M. Ellis
• Murder Strikes Out, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine February 1974, as by Richard M. Ellis
• One Step to Murder, (ss) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine September 1974, as by Jamie Ellis
• Time to Kill, (nv) Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine October 1975, as by Dick Ellis